Lessons Learned from Listing Violent Far-Right Extremist Groups in Canada

In June 2019, Canada listed two violent far-right extremist groups as terrorist entities: Blood and Honour and Combat 18, the first listings of their kind in Canada. In February 2021, the government listed four more entities: The Base, Atomwaffen Division, Russian Imperial Movement, and the Proud Boys. As part of their rationale for listing, the government included the Proud Boys’ participation and “pivotal role” at the US Capitol.” In June 2021, the government followed up these listings with three more: the Three Percenters, James Mason (author of neo-Nazi propaganda “Siege”) and Aryan Strikeforce. These listings mark a departure for Canada from its usual listings fare: until 2019, the list was primarily composed of jihadist or ethno-nationalist groups. The inclusion of neo-Nazi, extreme right, and accelerationist groups and individuals signals to the Canadian public that the terrorism threat in Canada has shifted, and now includes a greater diversity of actors. 

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